Test-Driven Development (TDD)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for TDD skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited TDD over the 6 months to 15 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
15 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 117 76 56
Rank change year-on-year -41 -20 -8
Contract jobs citing TDD 798 1,796 3,709
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 1.88% 3.15% 4.24%
As % of the Processes & Methodologies category 2.18% 3.50% 4.68%
Number of daily rates quoted 533 1,336 2,716
10th Percentile £363 £444 £408
25th Percentile £456 £506 £475
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £550 £600 £575
Median % change year-on-year -8.33% +4.35% +9.52%
75th Percentile £700 £725 £675
90th Percentile £825 £800 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £550 £500
% change year-on-year -9.09% +10.00% +9.77%
Number of hourly rates quoted 50 44 57
10th Percentile - £57.38 £35.00
25th Percentile £61.25 £65.00 £46.25
Median hourly rate £65.00 £68.50 £70.00
Median % change year-on-year -5.11% -2.14% +20.69%
75th Percentile - £75.00 £77.00
90th Percentile - - £79.90
UK excluding London median hourly rate £65.00 £65.00 £70.00
% change year-on-year - -7.14% +55.56%

All Process and Methodology Skills
UK

TDD is in the Processes and Methodologies category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for process or methodology skills 36,687 51,295 79,236
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 86.22% 89.83% 90.60%
Number of daily rates quoted 23,611 35,552 55,630
10th Percentile £300 £325 £343
25th Percentile £413 £438 £430
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £525 £550 £530
Median % change year-on-year -4.55% +3.77% +8.16%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £738
UK excluding London median daily rate £500 £500 £476
% change year-on-year - +5.04% +8.51%
Number of hourly rates quoted 2,428 1,693 1,906
10th Percentile £12.75 £10.77 £12.50
25th Percentile £16.00 £16.13 £15.63
Median hourly rate £36.05 £36.00 £25.68
Median % change year-on-year +0.13% +40.19% +4.82%
75th Percentile £60.00 £65.00 £49.52
90th Percentile £72.50 £75.00 £65.00
UK excluding London median hourly rate £37.50 £35.00 £20.00
% change year-on-year +7.14% +75.00% -6.98%

TDD
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing TDD as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Daily rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 15 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing TDD.

Hourly rate trend for TDD in the UK

TDD
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing TDD over the 6 months to 15 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for TDD in the UK

TDD
Top 15 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing TDD within the UK over the 6 months to 15 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -40 724 £566 -8.67% 538
London -15 490 £600 -7.69% 226
UK excluding London -77 249 £500 -9.09% 328
Work from Home -65 238 £500 -16.67% 477
North of England -75 61 £550 -2.22% 110
East of England +1 59 £493 -12.83% 34
South East -26 57 £475 -13.16% 74
Yorkshire -27 36 £575 -4.17% 20
Scotland -11 31 £463 -7.50% 19
South West -22 30 £585 +7.59% 37
North West -56 21 £525 -4.55% 83
Midlands -19 11 £450 -21.74% 46
West Midlands -23 10 £450 -24.37% 29
North East -6 4 £375 -28.57% 9
East Midlands -3 1 £398 -43.21% 17

TDD
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 32 (4.01%) Confluence
2 22 (2.76%) nginx
3 19 (2.38%) CMS
4 16 (2.01%) Apache
5 9 (1.13%) Apache Spark
5 9 (1.13%) Drupal
6 7 (0.88%) SAS
7 5 (0.63%) SharePoint
8 4 (0.50%) Apache Airflow
8 4 (0.50%) Cloud Foundry
8 4 (0.50%) OpenStack
9 3 (0.38%) IIS
9 3 (0.38%) JBoss
10 2 (0.25%) Anypoint
10 2 (0.25%) Apache Solr
10 2 (0.25%) Jadu
10 2 (0.25%) Microsoft Exchange
10 2 (0.25%) NServiceBus
11 1 (0.13%) Appian
11 1 (0.13%) GemFire
Applications
1 5 (0.63%) Microsoft Office
2 3 (0.38%) Microsoft Project
3 2 (0.25%) Chatbot
3 2 (0.25%) Trello
Business Applications
1 7 (0.88%) NEC Housing
2 6 (0.75%) Dynamics CRM
2 6 (0.75%) Shopify
3 3 (0.38%) RMDS
4 1 (0.13%) Aareon QL
4 1 (0.13%) Distributed Ledger
4 1 (0.13%) Endur
4 1 (0.13%) Magento
4 1 (0.13%) MIS ActiveH
4 1 (0.13%) NetSuite
4 1 (0.13%) OPENHousing
4 1 (0.13%) SAP MDG
Cloud Services
1 251 (31.45%) AWS
2 245 (30.70%) Azure
3 116 (14.54%) Azure DevOps
4 89 (11.15%) GCP
5 75 (9.40%) Azure Service Bus
6 67 (8.40%) Serverless
7 54 (6.77%) Azure Cosmos DB
8 48 (6.02%) GitHub
9 43 (5.39%) Azure Monitor
10 28 (3.51%) AWS Lambda
11 23 (2.88%) Amazon S3
11 23 (2.88%) Azure API Management
11 23 (2.88%) Azure Functions
11 23 (2.88%) PaaS
12 22 (2.76%) AWS Elastic Beanstalk
13 21 (2.63%) Power Platform
14 18 (2.26%) Azure Key Vault
14 18 (2.26%) Azure Logic Apps
14 18 (2.26%) Azure Pipelines
14 18 (2.26%) Azure Storage
Communications & Networking
1 37 (4.64%) HTTP
2 35 (4.39%) Modbus
2 35 (4.39%) RS-422
2 35 (4.39%) RS-485
3 17 (2.13%) TCP/IP
4 11 (1.38%) Ethernet
5 9 (1.13%) FTP
6 7 (0.88%) SSH
7 5 (0.63%) Internet
8 4 (0.50%) SSL
9 2 (0.25%) 5G
9 2 (0.25%) DNS
9 2 (0.25%) IP Telephony
9 2 (0.25%) Unified Communications
10 1 (0.13%) Firewall
10 1 (0.13%) HTTPS
10 1 (0.13%) PuTTY
10 1 (0.13%) VLAN
10 1 (0.13%) VPN
10 1 (0.13%) VSAN
Database & Business Intelligence
1 120 (15.04%) SQL Server
2 70 (8.77%) NoSQL
3 55 (6.89%) PostgreSQL
4 49 (6.14%) MongoDB
5 43 (5.39%) Relational Database
6 37 (4.64%) Apache Cassandra
7 34 (4.26%) Azure SQL Database
8 22 (2.76%) MySQL
9 14 (1.75%) Data Warehouse
10 13 (1.63%) Data Lake
10 13 (1.63%) Power BI
10 13 (1.63%) Redis
11 12 (1.50%) KDB
12 11 (1.38%) Oracle Database
13 10 (1.25%) DynamoDB
14 9 (1.13%) Amazon Aurora
15 8 (1.00%) Elasticsearch
16 7 (0.88%) Big Data
16 7 (0.88%) OLTP
17 6 (0.75%) Flink
Development Applications
1 174 (21.80%) Git
2 96 (12.03%) Jenkins
3 78 (9.77%) JIRA
4 57 (7.14%) JUnit
5 47 (5.89%) Cucumber
6 46 (5.76%) Postman
7 39 (4.89%) Selenium
8 36 (4.51%) Mockito
8 36 (4.51%) Visual Studio
9 34 (4.26%) Cypress.io
10 29 (3.63%) TeamCity
11 23 (2.88%) SpecFlow
12 20 (2.51%) JMeter
13 16 (2.01%) WebDriver
14 15 (1.88%) Maven
14 15 (1.88%) NUnit
15 13 (1.63%) GitLab
15 13 (1.63%) SoapUI
16 12 (1.50%) Gradle
16 12 (1.50%) REST Assured
General
1 178 (22.31%) Finance
2 170 (21.30%) Social Skills
3 68 (8.52%) Front Office
3 68 (8.52%) Public Sector
4 64 (8.02%) Banking
5 42 (5.26%) Back Office
6 40 (5.01%) Electronics
7 39 (4.89%) Analytical Skills
8 24 (3.01%) Investment Banking
9 21 (2.63%) Presentation Skills
9 21 (2.63%) Retail
10 15 (1.88%) Marketing
11 13 (1.63%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 12 (1.50%) Military
13 9 (1.13%) Advertising
14 8 (1.00%) Law
14 8 (1.00%) Manufacturing
14 8 (1.00%) Tech for Good
15 7 (0.88%) Telecoms
16 6 (0.75%) Influencing Skills
Job Titles
1 464 (58.15%) Developer
2 167 (20.93%) Senior
3 135 (16.92%) Java Developer
4 128 (16.04%) Software Engineer
5 104 (13.03%) Senior Developer
6 67 (8.40%) Lead
7 57 (7.14%) Full Stack Developer
8 56 (7.02%) .NET Developer
9 46 (5.76%) C# Developer
10 45 (5.64%) Scala Developer
11 43 (5.39%) Senior Java Developer
12 37 (4.64%) C++ Software Engineer
12 37 (4.64%) Python Developer
13 31 (3.88%) Front-End Developer (Client-Side Developer)
14 26 (3.26%) Developer/Software Engineer
14 26 (3.26%) Finance Manager
15 25 (3.13%) .NET Software Developer
15 25 (3.13%) Software Developer
16 24 (3.01%) .NET Software Engineer
17 23 (2.88%) Test Engineer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 202 (25.31%) .NET
2 152 (19.05%) React
3 136 (17.04%) Spring
4 119 (14.91%) REST
5 115 (14.41%) Kafka
6 110 (13.78%) .NET Core
7 104 (13.03%) CSS
8 98 (12.28%) HTML
8 98 (12.28%) Spring Boot
9 86 (10.78%) Node.js
10 76 (9.52%) RESTful
11 72 (9.02%) Web Services
12 62 (7.77%) AngularJS
13 56 (7.02%) Redux
14 43 (5.39%) ASP.NET
15 40 (5.01%) Sass
16 38 (4.76%) Akka
17 35 (4.39%) GraphQL
17 35 (4.39%) Laravel
18 34 (4.26%) .NET Framework
Miscellaneous
1 58 (7.27%) Derivative
2 52 (6.52%) Fixed Income
3 45 (5.64%) Product Ownership
4 40 (5.01%) Self-Motivation
5 38 (4.76%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
6 31 (3.88%) Hedge funds
7 28 (3.51%) Distributed Systems
8 26 (3.26%) Equities
9 24 (3.01%) Algorithms
10 19 (2.38%) Data Structures
10 19 (2.38%) Enterprise Software
11 15 (1.88%) Mobile App
12 13 (1.63%) Cloud Native
12 13 (1.63%) Data Protection Act
13 10 (1.25%) Legacy Systems
13 10 (1.25%) Linux Command Line
14 8 (1.00%) Greenfield Project
14 8 (1.00%) Public Cloud
15 7 (0.88%) Management Information System
15 7 (0.88%) Virtual Team
Operating Systems
1 100 (12.53%) Linux
2 77 (9.65%) Unix
3 23 (2.88%) Mac OS X
4 22 (2.76%) Windows
5 11 (1.38%) Android
6 3 (0.38%) Apple iOS
6 3 (0.38%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 1 (0.13%) Ubuntu
Processes & Methodologies
1 530 (66.42%) Agile
2 324 (40.60%) DevOps
3 252 (31.58%) CI/CD
4 231 (28.95%) Microservices
5 223 (27.94%) BDD
5 223 (27.94%) Software Engineering
6 213 (26.69%) Test Automation
7 196 (24.56%) Continuous Integration
8 155 (19.42%) Pair Programming
9 136 (17.04%) Scrum
10 134 (16.79%) Unit Testing
11 130 (16.29%) Full Stack Development
12 115 (14.41%) Clean Code
13 97 (12.16%) OO
14 77 (9.65%) Kanban
15 73 (9.15%) Software Testing
16 70 (8.77%) Continuous Improvement
17 69 (8.65%) API Management
18 63 (7.89%) OOD
19 61 (7.64%) Mentoring
Programming Languages
1 272 (34.09%) Java
2 251 (31.45%) C#
3 214 (26.82%) JavaScript
4 175 (21.93%) SQL
5 155 (19.42%) TypeScript
6 113 (14.16%) Python
7 63 (7.89%) C++
8 60 (7.52%) Scala
9 56 (7.02%) Bicep
9 56 (7.02%) PHP
10 48 (6.02%) C
11 24 (3.01%) Go
12 23 (2.88%) Kotlin
13 20 (2.51%) PowerShell
14 18 (2.26%) Shell Script
15 11 (1.38%) Groovy
15 11 (1.38%) Ruby
16 10 (1.25%) Bash
17 8 (1.00%) PL/SQL
18 6 (0.75%) Perl
Qualifications
1 87 (10.90%) Security Cleared
2 76 (9.52%) SC Cleared
3 47 (5.89%) Degree
4 22 (2.76%) Computer Science Degree
5 13 (1.63%) Master's Degree
6 11 (1.38%) ISTQB
7 10 (1.25%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
8 7 (0.88%) DV Cleared
9 4 (0.50%) CTC Cleared
10 3 (0.38%) HNC
10 3 (0.38%) ISEB
10 3 (0.38%) PMI Certification
10 3 (0.38%) PMP
11 2 (0.25%) Azure Certification
11 2 (0.25%) Microsoft Certification
11 2 (0.25%) Numerate Degree
12 1 (0.13%) BPSS Clearance
12 1 (0.13%) SANS
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 73 (9.15%) QA
2 66 (8.27%) Accessibility
3 23 (2.88%) WCAG
4 10 (1.25%) MiFID
5 5 (0.63%) Data Quality
6 3 (0.38%) PMO
7 2 (0.25%) Disclosure Scotland
7 2 (0.25%) HL7
7 2 (0.25%) PCI DSS
8 1 (0.13%) GDPR
8 1 (0.13%) ISO 20022
8 1 (0.13%) NIST
8 1 (0.13%) SLA
System Software
1 109 (13.66%) Docker
2 49 (6.14%) Active Directory
3 4 (0.50%) zsh
4 1 (0.13%) GridGain
4 1 (0.13%) Hyper-V
4 1 (0.13%) VMware NSX
Systems Management
1 130 (16.29%) Kubernetes
2 50 (6.27%) Terraform
3 35 (4.39%) Grafana
4 16 (2.01%) Kibana
5 14 (1.75%) Prometheus
6 13 (1.63%) Ansible
7 6 (0.75%) Puppet
7 6 (0.75%) Single Sign-On
8 3 (0.38%) Istio
8 3 (0.38%) logstash
8 3 (0.38%) Netcool
8 3 (0.38%) Progress Chef
9 1 (0.13%) Docker Swarm
9 1 (0.13%) HAProxy
9 1 (0.13%) Microsoft Intune
9 1 (0.13%) Salt
Vendors
1 128 (16.04%) Microsoft
2 49 (6.14%) Oracle
3 19 (2.38%) Typelevel
4 17 (2.13%) Google
5 13 (1.63%) ION Trading
5 13 (1.63%) SAP
6 12 (1.50%) Salesforce
7 8 (1.00%) Atlassian
7 8 (1.00%) Splunk
8 7 (0.88%) Databricks
8 7 (0.88%) NEC
9 5 (0.63%) Adobe
9 5 (0.63%) AppDynamics
9 5 (0.63%) Sitecore
9 5 (0.63%) TIBCO
10 4 (0.50%) CA Agile Central
10 4 (0.50%) New Relic
10 4 (0.50%) Optimizely
11 3 (0.38%) CyberArk
11 3 (0.38%) Solace