SQL (Structured Query Language)
UK

The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies with a requirement for SQL skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SQL over the 6 months to 18 May 2024 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years.

6 months to
18 May 2024
Same period 2023 Same period 2022
Rank 13 12 10
Rank change year-on-year -1 -2 -2
Contract jobs citing SQL 4,208 6,582 10,766
As % of all contract jobs advertised in the UK 9.88% 11.56% 12.30%
As % of the Programming Languages category 33.09% 33.40% 33.99%
Number of daily rates quoted 3,046 4,751 7,766
10th Percentile £356 £363 £363
25th Percentile £425 £425 £431
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £538 £536 £525
Median % change year-on-year +0.28% +2.10% +7.69%
75th Percentile £638 £650 £638
90th Percentile £750 £750 £744
UK excluding London median daily rate £475 £485 £470
% change year-on-year -2.06% +3.19% +10.59%
Number of hourly rates quoted 62 83 140
10th Percentile £22.88 £19.11 £16.25
25th Percentile £31.65 £26.37 £20.75
Median hourly rate £44.25 £50.00 £35.00
Median % change year-on-year -11.50% +42.86% +29.63%
75th Percentile £58.24 £70.00 £53.00
90th Percentile £63.00 £82.00 £63.62
UK excluding London median hourly rate £42.50 £44.16 £26.98
% change year-on-year -3.76% +63.68% +13.67%

All Programming Languages
UK

SQL is in the Programming Languages category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies with a requirement for coding skills.

Contract vacancies with a requirement for coding skills 12,717 19,709 31,670
As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK 29.87% 34.61% 36.18%
Number of daily rates quoted 9,044 14,221 23,079
10th Percentile £350 £389 £385
25th Percentile £425 £463 £455
Median daily rate (50th Percentile) £530 £550 £550
Median % change year-on-year -3.64% - +10.00%
75th Percentile £650 £675 £656
90th Percentile £763 £788 £750
UK excluding London median daily rate £489 £500 £495
% change year-on-year -2.20% +1.01% +16.47%
Number of hourly rates quoted 493 440 503
10th Percentile £32.25 £26.05 £19.60
25th Percentile £46.25 £50.00 £35.00
Median hourly rate £62.50 £61.60 £50.00
Median % change year-on-year +1.46% +23.20% +17.65%
75th Percentile £70.00 £70.00 £60.25
90th Percentile £78.75 £78.00 £72.35
UK excluding London median hourly rate £62.50 £62.50 £50.00
% change year-on-year - +25.00% +25.00%

SQL
Job Vacancy Trend

Job postings citing SQL as a proportion of all IT jobs advertised.

Job vacancy trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Daily Rate Trend

3-month moving average daily rate quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Daily rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Daily Rate Histogram

Daily rate distribution for jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 18 May 2024.

Daily rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Contractor Hourly Rate Trend

3-month moving average hourly rates quoted in jobs citing SQL.

Hourly rate trend for SQL in the UK

SQL
Hourly Rate Histogram

Hourly rate distribution of jobs citing SQL over the 6 months to 18 May 2024.

Hourly rate histogram for SQL in the UK

SQL
Top 17 Contract Locations

The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SQL within the UK over the 6 months to 18 May 2024. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year.

Location Rank Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Matching
Contract
IT Job Ads
Median
Daily Rate
Past 6 Months
Median Daily Rate
% Change
on Same Period
Last Year
Live
Jobs
England -1 3,638 £550 - 2,936
London +1 2,301 £575 -0.43% 1,384
Work from Home +3 1,713 £536 +4.59% 1,507
UK excluding London -5 1,465 £475 -2.06% 1,851
North of England -2 398 £475 -1.94% 467
South East -8 355 £475 -8.65% 491
North West -4 242 £475 - 254
Midlands -4 225 £400 -11.11% 365
Scotland +1 209 £450 -5.26% 107
South West -14 161 £538 +7.50% 206
West Midlands -4 153 £425 -15.00% 236
Yorkshire -8 124 £488 -2.50% 168
East of England -22 77 £450 +5.88% 154
East Midlands -2 71 £388 -3.13% 129
North East +15 32 £475 -5.00% 50
Wales +8 32 £425 -21.30% 52
Northern Ireland -6 13 £400 -11.11% 27

SQL
Co-occurring Skills and Capabilities by Category

The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same employment type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories:

Application Platforms
1 131 (3.11%) Apache
2 121 (2.88%) Apache Spark
3 115 (2.73%) Apache Airflow
4 85 (2.02%) SharePoint
5 75 (1.78%) Confluence
6 70 (1.66%) SAS
7 59 (1.40%) Microsoft Exchange
8 42 (1.00%) IIS
9 18 (0.43%) Oracle Workflow
10 15 (0.36%) BizTalk Server
11 13 (0.31%) CMS
11 13 (0.31%) OpenStack
12 12 (0.29%) MTS
13 10 (0.24%) nginx
14 8 (0.19%) Jupyter
14 8 (0.19%) SharePoint Server
14 8 (0.19%) Tomcat
14 8 (0.19%) WebSphere
15 7 (0.17%) JBoss
15 7 (0.17%) WebLogic
Applications
1 188 (4.47%) Microsoft Excel
2 121 (2.88%) Chatbot
3 53 (1.26%) MS Visio
4 41 (0.97%) Microsoft Office
5 27 (0.64%) Microsoft PowerPoint
6 23 (0.55%) Spreadsheet
7 11 (0.26%) SPSS
8 8 (0.19%) CATIA
9 7 (0.17%) Microsoft Project
10 3 (0.071%) Trello
11 2 (0.048%) FileZilla
11 2 (0.048%) Mingle
Business Applications
1 45 (1.07%) Endur
2 29 (0.69%) Dynamics CRM
3 25 (0.59%) Aladdin
4 23 (0.55%) Oracle EBS
5 21 (0.50%) NEC Housing
6 19 (0.45%) Teamcenter
7 17 (0.40%) Dynamics GP
8 15 (0.36%) Oracle Payables
9 14 (0.33%) Oracle EBS R12
10 13 (0.31%) Elite 3E
10 13 (0.31%) Oracle Receivables
10 13 (0.31%) SAP S/4HANA
11 12 (0.29%) EuroRunner
11 12 (0.29%) SimCorp Dimension
12 11 (0.26%) Aligne
12 11 (0.26%) Oracle Financials
13 10 (0.24%) Oracle Assets
14 9 (0.21%) Adobe Campaign
14 9 (0.21%) Oracle General Ledger
14 9 (0.21%) Salesforce CRM
Cloud Services
1 1,172 (27.85%) Azure
2 792 (18.82%) AWS
3 608 (14.45%) Power Platform
4 266 (6.32%) Azure DevOps
5 240 (5.70%) Serverless
6 216 (5.13%) Azure Data Factory
6 216 (5.13%) GCP
7 150 (3.56%) GitHub
8 143 (3.40%) AWS Lambda
9 132 (3.14%) Amazon S3
10 126 (2.99%) Snowflake
11 109 (2.59%) Azure Synapse Analytics
12 83 (1.97%) PowerApps
13 81 (1.92%) Azure Logic Apps
14 80 (1.90%) Azure Cosmos DB
15 78 (1.85%) Azure Service Bus
15 78 (1.85%) PaaS
15 78 (1.85%) Power Automate
16 75 (1.78%) Microsoft 365
17 69 (1.64%) Azure Functions
Communications & Networking
1 50 (1.19%) Firewall
2 43 (1.02%) DNS
3 37 (0.88%) DHCP
4 34 (0.81%) Internet
5 29 (0.69%) VPN
6 21 (0.50%) TCP/IP
7 20 (0.48%) SAN
8 19 (0.45%) Wi-Fi
9 16 (0.38%) BGP
10 15 (0.36%) HTTP
10 15 (0.36%) Network Security
11 14 (0.33%) MPLS
11 14 (0.33%) WAN
12 13 (0.31%) FTP
13 12 (0.29%) LAN
14 11 (0.26%) FIX Connectivity
15 10 (0.24%) Ethernet VPN
15 10 (0.24%) Fibre Channel
15 10 (0.24%) Radio Access Network
15 10 (0.24%) Skype
Database & Business Intelligence
1 730 (17.35%) SQL Server
2 567 (13.47%) Power BI
3 421 (10.00%) Data Warehouse
4 317 (7.53%) NoSQL
5 266 (6.32%) Relational Database
6 253 (6.01%) PostgreSQL
7 216 (5.13%) Tableau
8 193 (4.59%) SQL Server Integration Services
9 192 (4.56%) Data Lake
9 192 (4.56%) Oracle Database
10 184 (4.37%) Azure SQL Database
11 183 (4.35%) Big Data
12 139 (3.30%) SQL Server Reporting Services
13 128 (3.04%) MySQL
14 105 (2.50%) MongoDB
15 94 (2.23%) Amazon Redshift
16 92 (2.19%) Amazon RDS
17 86 (2.04%) BigQuery
18 78 (1.85%) Metadata
19 68 (1.62%) Oracle Reports
Development Applications
1 296 (7.03%) Git
2 254 (6.04%) JIRA
3 133 (3.16%) Jenkins
4 83 (1.97%) TeamCity
5 69 (1.64%) Visual Studio
6 65 (1.54%) GitLab
7 49 (1.16%) Selenium
8 46 (1.09%) Cucumber
9 41 (0.97%) SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
10 40 (0.95%) Postman
11 36 (0.86%) JUnit
12 34 (0.81%) Cypress.io
13 33 (0.78%) Oracle APEX
14 26 (0.62%) Maven
14 26 (0.62%) NUnit
15 24 (0.57%) SpecFlow
16 23 (0.55%) Team Foundation Server
17 19 (0.45%) Artifactory
17 19 (0.45%) Bitbucket
18 18 (0.43%) TestRail
General
1 1,036 (24.62%) Finance
2 901 (21.41%) Social Skills
3 581 (13.81%) Analytical Skills
4 431 (10.24%) Banking
5 281 (6.68%) Public Sector
6 272 (6.46%) Front Office
7 131 (3.11%) Investment Banking
8 117 (2.78%) Retail
9 113 (2.69%) Marketing
10 101 (2.40%) Back Office
11 77 (1.83%) Presentation Skills
12 70 (1.66%) Inclusion and Diversity
12 70 (1.66%) Telecoms
13 65 (1.54%) Manufacturing
14 41 (0.97%) Financial Institution
15 39 (0.93%) Legal
16 37 (0.88%) Local Government
17 36 (0.86%) Pharmaceutical
18 30 (0.71%) Billing
18 30 (0.71%) Publishing
Job Titles
1 1,413 (33.58%) Developer
2 622 (14.78%) Analyst
3 443 (10.53%) Senior
4 439 (10.43%) Data Engineer
5 256 (6.08%) Data Analyst
6 246 (5.85%) Architect
7 193 (4.59%) Business Analyst
7 193 (4.59%) Software Developer
8 166 (3.94%) SQL Developer
9 165 (3.92%) C# Developer
9 165 (3.92%) Lead
10 164 (3.90%) Consultant
11 153 (3.64%) Azure Engineer
12 145 (3.45%) DBA
13 140 (3.33%) .NET Developer
14 131 (3.11%) Senior Developer
15 127 (3.02%) Java Developer
16 117 (2.78%) Full Stack Developer
17 115 (2.73%) Python Developer
18 111 (2.64%) Business Intelligence Developer
Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards
1 509 (12.10%) .NET
2 356 (8.46%) HTML
3 212 (5.04%) React
4 211 (5.01%) REST
5 191 (4.54%) XML
6 165 (3.92%) CSS
7 155 (3.68%) Kafka
8 146 (3.47%) AngularJS
8 146 (3.47%) RESTful
9 142 (3.37%) JSON
10 141 (3.35%) Spring
11 119 (2.83%) Web Services
12 117 (2.78%) SOAP
13 111 (2.64%) .NET Core
13 111 (2.64%) PySpark
14 101 (2.40%) .NET Framework
15 99 (2.35%) Spring Boot
16 92 (2.19%) Node.js
17 76 (1.81%) ASP.NET
18 63 (1.50%) LDAP
Miscellaneous
1 151 (3.59%) Derivative
2 133 (3.16%) Product Ownership
3 113 (2.69%) Hedge funds
4 100 (2.38%) Management Information System
5 98 (2.33%) Fixed Income
6 96 (2.28%) Equities
7 85 (2.02%) Onboarding
8 72 (1.71%) Legacy Systems
9 69 (1.64%) Self-Motivation
10 68 (1.62%) Algorithms
10 68 (1.62%) Data Structures
11 66 (1.57%) Foreign Exchange (FX)
12 65 (1.54%) Replication
13 62 (1.47%) Cloud Native
13 62 (1.47%) Enterprise Software
14 54 (1.28%) Data Protection Act
15 53 (1.26%) Greenfield Project
16 50 (1.19%) Distributed Systems
17 43 (1.02%) Public Cloud
18 42 (1.00%) Data Centre
Operating Systems
1 368 (8.75%) Windows
2 254 (6.04%) Linux
3 227 (5.39%) Unix
4 141 (3.35%) Windows Server
5 46 (1.09%) Windows Server 2012
6 35 (0.83%) VMS
7 33 (0.78%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux
8 32 (0.76%) Windows 10
8 32 (0.76%) Windows Server 2016
9 25 (0.59%) Windows Server 2019
10 17 (0.40%) Apple iOS
11 15 (0.36%) Windows 7
12 14 (0.33%) CentOS
13 13 (0.31%) Solaris
14 11 (0.26%) Windows Server 2008
15 9 (0.21%) AIX
16 8 (0.19%) Android
17 6 (0.14%) OpenVMS
18 5 (0.12%) Ubuntu
19 4 (0.095%) Embedded Linux
Processes & Methodologies
1 985 (23.41%) Agile
2 745 (17.70%) Business Intelligence
3 644 (15.30%) DevOps
4 620 (14.73%) Data Modelling
5 587 (13.95%) Analytics
6 558 (13.26%) Problem-Solving
7 552 (13.12%) ETL
8 471 (11.19%) CI/CD
9 466 (11.07%) Software Engineering
10 439 (10.43%) Migration
11 331 (7.87%) Data Analysis
12 311 (7.39%) Visualisation
13 293 (6.96%) Scrum
14 278 (6.61%) Computer Science
15 272 (6.46%) Data Pipeline
16 264 (6.27%) Artificial Intelligence
17 253 (6.01%) Test Automation
18 246 (5.85%) Data Engineering
19 244 (5.80%) Microservices
20 222 (5.28%) Full Stack Development
Programming Languages
1 1,320 (31.37%) Python
2 786 (18.68%) C#
3 574 (13.64%) Java
4 509 (12.10%) JavaScript
5 319 (7.58%) PL/SQL
6 271 (6.44%) PowerShell
7 237 (5.63%) T-SQL
8 159 (3.78%) TypeScript
9 93 (2.21%) R
10 89 (2.12%) C++
11 82 (1.95%) Shell Script
12 80 (1.90%) Bash
13 72 (1.71%) Scala
14 70 (1.66%) Data Analysis Expressions
15 64 (1.52%) VBA
16 56 (1.33%) C
17 54 (1.28%) Go
18 51 (1.21%) Perl
19 49 (1.16%) VB
20 38 (0.90%) PHP
Qualifications
1 555 (13.19%) Degree
2 450 (10.69%) Security Cleared
3 347 (8.25%) SC Cleared
4 146 (3.47%) Computer Science Degree
5 82 (1.95%) DV Cleared
6 66 (1.57%) Master's Degree
7 54 (1.28%) Microsoft Certification
8 49 (1.16%) Azure Certification
9 35 (0.83%) BPSS Clearance
10 31 (0.74%) MCSE
11 22 (0.52%) PhD
12 21 (0.50%) ISTQB
13 19 (0.45%) MCSA
13 19 (0.45%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP)
14 17 (0.40%) CISSP
15 14 (0.33%) AWS Certification
16 13 (0.31%) ISEB
17 11 (0.26%) Numerate Degree
18 9 (0.21%) ISTQB Foundation Certification
18 9 (0.21%) PMP
Quality Assurance & Compliance
1 251 (5.96%) Data Quality
2 227 (5.39%) QA
3 43 (1.02%) Accessibility
4 38 (0.90%) SLA
5 36 (0.86%) GDPR
6 35 (0.83%) MiFID
7 25 (0.59%) EMIR
7 25 (0.59%) PCI DSS
8 21 (0.50%) Dodd-Frank
9 15 (0.36%) HL7
10 13 (0.31%) Sarbanes-Oxley
11 12 (0.29%) GxP
12 11 (0.26%) WCAG
13 9 (0.21%) IFRS
13 9 (0.21%) PMO
14 8 (0.19%) CDISC
14 8 (0.19%) ISO 20022
15 7 (0.17%) GRC
15 7 (0.17%) ISO/IEC 27001
16 6 (0.14%) California Consumer Privacy Act
System Software
1 241 (5.73%) Docker
2 227 (5.39%) Active Directory
3 61 (1.45%) VMware Infrastructure
4 57 (1.35%) Virtual Machines
5 40 (0.95%) IAG
6 37 (0.88%) ACF2
6 37 (0.88%) RACF
7 13 (0.31%) vSphere
8 9 (0.21%) Virtual Servers
9 8 (0.19%) Hyper-V
10 6 (0.14%) HDFS
10 6 (0.14%) Virtual Desktop
11 5 (0.12%) NFS
11 5 (0.12%) Veritas Cluster Server
11 5 (0.12%) VMware ESXi
11 5 (0.12%) VMware NSX
12 4 (0.095%) GPFS
12 4 (0.095%) Microsoft Virtual Server
12 4 (0.095%) VirtualBox
13 3 (0.071%) Oracle RAC
Systems Management
1 235 (5.58%) Kubernetes
2 175 (4.16%) Terraform
3 85 (2.02%) Ansible
4 67 (1.59%) Grafana
5 32 (0.76%) Prometheus
6 28 (0.67%) Single Sign-On
7 19 (0.45%) ITRS Geneos
8 15 (0.36%) SCCM
9 14 (0.33%) SCOM
10 12 (0.29%) Microsoft Clustering
10 12 (0.29%) PingFederate
11 10 (0.24%) Kibana
11 10 (0.24%) Microsoft Intune
11 10 (0.24%) Progress Chef
12 9 (0.21%) BladeLogic
12 9 (0.21%) Control-M
13 8 (0.19%) Data Guard
13 8 (0.19%) Docker Swarm
13 8 (0.19%) WSUS
13 8 (0.19%) ZABBIX
Vendors
1 715 (16.99%) Oracle
2 665 (15.80%) Microsoft
3 248 (5.89%) Databricks
4 162 (3.85%) SAP
5 132 (3.14%) Google
6 121 (2.88%) PayPal
7 91 (2.16%) ServiceNow
8 87 (2.07%) VMware
9 79 (1.88%) Salesforce
10 64 (1.52%) Splunk
11 60 (1.43%) Informatica
12 51 (1.21%) Sybase
13 48 (1.14%) IBM
14 40 (0.95%) Citrix
15 35 (0.83%) Bloomberg
16 33 (0.78%) CyberArk
17 29 (0.69%) Alteryx
18 28 (0.67%) Cisco
19 27 (0.64%) Dynatrace
20 26 (0.62%) Adobe